​Lyme Disease in Pets: What Every Pet Owner Should Know
As the weather warms and outdoor activity increases, so does the risk of tick-borne diseases—especially Lyme disease. Caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through tick bites, Lyme disease is a growing concern for pets and us across many regions of the United States.  Pennsylvania ranked the highest in human Lyme disease cases 11 out of the past 12 years.  

🕷️ How Do Pets Get Lyme Disease?
Lyme disease is primarily spread by the black-legged tick (commonly known as the deer tick). These tiny parasites latch onto your pet during walks in wooded, grassy, or even suburban areas. Once attached, a tick typically needs to be feeding for 24–48 hours before transmitting the bacteria.

⚠️ Signs and Symptoms in Pets
Not all pets show symptoms, but when they do, signs may include:

• Lameness or shifting leg pain
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Swollen joints
• Enlarged lymph nodes

In rare cases, Lyme disease can affect the kidneys, leading to a serious condition known as Lyme nephritis.

🩺 Diagnosis and Treatment
Veterinarians often diagnose Lyme disease based on clinical signs, history of tick exposure, and blood tests. If diagnosed, most pets respond well to antibiotics, particularly doxycycline, and improvement is usually seen within a few days.

🛡️ Prevention is Key
Preventing tick bites is the best way to protect your pet:

• Use veterinarian-recommended tick preventatives year-round
• Check your pet daily for ticks, especially after outdoor activity
• Keep grass trimmed and reduce tick habitats in your yard
• Ask your veterinarian about the Lyme vaccine for dogs

🧼 Safe Tick Removal
If you find a tick on your pet:

1. Use fine-tipped tweezers or a tick remover tool
2. Grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible
3. Pull upward steadily without twisting
4. Clean the area with antiseptic

Avoid using home remedies like petroleum jelly or heat, as these can increase the risk of disease transmission.

❤️ When to Call Us
If your pet shows any signs of illness after a tick bite—or if you’re unsure how to safely remove a tick—contact us right away. Early detection and treatment make a big difference.

🐶 Final Thoughts
Lyme disease is preventable, and with the right precautions, you can keep your pet safe and healthy all year long. If you have questions about tick prevention or Lyme disease, don’t hesitate to reach out—we’re here to help!

​​Spring Into Protection: Flea, Tick & Heartworm Prevention for Your Pet
As the weather warms and we spend more time outdoors, parasites wake up right along with the flowers. Spring is one of the most important times of year to protect your pets from fleas, ticks, and heartworm disease. These pests are more than just a nuisance — they can carry serious diseases that affect both pets and people.
Here’s what every pet owner should know about keeping their furry family members safe this season.


🌼 Why Spring Protection Matters
Warmer temperatures and increased humidity create the perfect environment for parasites to thrive. Fleas begin reproducing rapidly, ticks become more active, and mosquitoes — the carriers of heartworm disease — return in full force.
Many pet owners assume parasites are only a summer problem, but in reality, prevention should continue year-round in our area.


🐜 Flea Prevention: More Than Just Itching
Fleas multiply quickly. In fact, one flea can lay up to 50 eggs per day! Once they enter your home, they can infest carpets, bedding, and furniture.
Why Fleas Are a Problem:

• Intense itching and skin infections
• Allergic reactions (Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
• Tapeworm transmission
• Anemia in young or small pets

Prevention Tips:

• Use veterinarian-recommended monthly flea preventatives.
• Treat all pets in the household.
• Wash bedding regularly and vacuum frequently.
• Stay consistent — skipping doses allows the flea life cycle to restart.

🕷 Tick Protection: Tiny Pests, Big Risks
Pennsylvania consistently ranks number one in the United States for reported cases of Lyme disease. The state has recorded the highest number of cases in 11 of the 12 years on record, according to the CDC.   Ticks are commonly found in wooded areas, tall grasses, and even suburban backyards. They attach to pets and can transmit serious illnesses.
Diseases Ticks Can Carry:

• Lyme disease
• Ehrlichiosis
• Anaplasmosis
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Prevention Tips:

• Use monthly tick preventatives or combination flea/tick products.
• Perform daily tick checks after outdoor activities.
• Keep grass trimmed and minimize brush in your yard.
• Ask your veterinarian about Lyme vaccination,

🦟 Heartworm Disease: A Silent but Serious Threat
Heartworm disease is transmitted through mosquito bites. Once infected, worms live in the heart and lungs, causing severe damage that can be fatal if untreated.
Important Facts:

• Just one mosquito bite can transmit heartworm.
• Early stages often show no symptoms.
• Treatment is costly and can be hard on your pet.
• Prevention is safe, simple, and far less expensive than treatment.

Prevention Tips:

• Give monthly heartworm prevention year-round.
• Ensure your dog is tested initially if there is unknow history, missed doses, or before starting preventatives.  The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and the American Heartworm Society (AHS) recommend annual, year-round heartworm testing and prevention for dogs to detect infections early, typically beginning testing at 6-7 months of age. 
• Don’t forget cats — indoor cats can get heartworm too, and prevention is available.

🐾 Why Consistency Is Key
Parasite prevention works best when given consistently and on schedule. Missing even one month can leave your pet vulnerable.
If you're unsure which product is best for your pet’s age, lifestyle, or health status, consult your veterinarian. With so many options available — chewables, topicals, collars, and combination products — there is a solution for every pet.


🌷 Make Spring a Fresh Start
Spring is the perfect time to:

• Refill or renew your pet’s preventatives
• Schedule an annual wellness exam
• Perform heartworm testing if due
• Update vaccinations

Protecting your pet from fleas, ticks, and heartworm disease is one of the simplest and most important steps you can take to ensure a happy, healthy season.
If you have questions about prevention options or need to schedule your pet’s spring check-up, contact our veterinary team today. We’re here to help your pets enjoy a safe and itch-free spring! 🌼🐶 🐱🌷
 

February Is Pet Dental Health Month 🦷🐾
Open wide! Consistent, quality dental care is just as important for your pet’s health as it is for yours. You brush your teeth daily, floss (when you remember!), and visit your dentist for routine cleanings and checkups. You know that dental problems can worsen if ignored — becoming more painful and more expensive to treat over time. Gum disease can even increase the risk of heart disease. The same is true for our pets.

Regular, preventive dental care — including at-home care and professional veterinary dental cleanings — is essential for your pet’s overall health, comfort, and longevity.  We are partnering with Pumpkin Pet Insurance to spread awareness about the importance of addressing pet dental disease.

What Is Periodontal Disease?
Dogs and cats rarely develop cavities like humans do, but dental disease is extremely common:

• About 80% of dogs
•  50-90% of cats
• Both by the age of three - four

Periodontal disease is the gradual destruction of the structures that support the teeth — including the gums, ligaments, and bone. It begins when plaque builds up and hardens into tartar above and below the gum line. Over time, this can lead to:

• Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
• Tooth loss
• Pain and discomfort
• Difficulty eating
• Infection that can affect the heart, liver, and kidneys

Why February Matters
With February being Pet Dental Health Month, it’s the perfect time to focus on your pet’s oral health.  Please call us at 724-452-6151 and schedule a dental evaluation today.  
In the meantime, here are a few at-home dental care tips.
🪥 Brush Daily
Daily brushing is the gold standard of pet dental care. While it may seem difficult at first, most pets adapt with patience and positive reinforcement. Always use pet-specific toothbrushes and toothpaste — never human toothpaste, as it can be harmful if swallowed.
🦴 Dental Diets & Chews
Special dental diets and chew treats are designed to reduce plaque and tartar. Ask your veterinarian which options are best for your pet.
🧸 Chew Toys
Chew toys can help control plaque when used regularly. Avoid toys that are too hard, as they can fracture teeth.
💧 Water Additives
These are added to your pet’s drinking water to help reduce plaque and tartar buildup.
                                                           Help us keep your pet smiling.

​Keeping Your Pet Mentally and Physically Fit
As a pet owner, it’s your responsibility to ensure that your furry friend stays healthy and happy. While regular visits to the vet and a balanced diet are essential, it’s also important to keep your pet fit mentally and physically.  You can join in the fun!  Staying in shape with your pet can be done through various activities like walking, running, and swimming, or by incorporating them into your own workouts through exercises like circuit training or yoga.
Here are some tips to help you do just that.
Exercise
Outdoor activities

• Walking: A simple and effective way to stay active. Start with shorter walks and gradually increase the duration and intensity. Varying your route provides new sights and smells for both you and your pet.
• Running or jogging: A good option for athletic dogs, but it's important to consider their age and joint health, especially with puppies who should avoid hard surfaces until they are fully grown.
• Swimming: A low-impact workout, but not all dogs know how to swim, so it's important to ensure they are comfortable and safe in the water.
• Hiking: Excellent for longer, more strenuous activities. Make sure your dog has the stamina for the terrain and is appropriately equipped.
• Dog sports: Try sports like agility courses, which involve both you and your dog navigating obstacles, or Canine Freestyle, which combines dancing and your dog's movements. 

Indoor and home-based activities

• Fetch or frisbee: A classic and easy way to get both you and your pet moving, which can also be adapted to your personal fitness by adding squats or lunges between throws.
• Yoga or "doga": Incorporate your pet into a yoga session by having them follow along with simple poses, lie next to you, or perform poses like "downward dog".
• Circuit training: Create a circuit of exercises like push-ups, squats, and planks, and have your dog participate by doing tricks or by holding a "down" position next to you for added resistance.

Puzzle toys and hide-and-seek: These provide mental stimulation for your pet, which is just as important for their overall health as physical activity.
Ideas For Dogs:

• Agility Training: Set up an obstacle course in your backyard or take your dog to an agility class. This can help improve their coordination, stamina, and obedience.
• Hide-and-Seek: Hide treats around your house or yard and encourage your dog to find them. This can provide both physical and mental stimulation.
• Swimming: If your dog enjoys swimming, taking them to a dog-friendly pool or beach can provide great exercise while being easy on their joints.
• Puzzle Toys: There are a variety of puzzle toys available for dogs that require them to figure out how to get to a treat or toy. These can help keep them mentally stimulated.
• Fetch: Playing fetch is a classic activity for dogs that provides both physical and mental stimulation. Mix it up by using different types of balls or playing in different locations.

 
Ideas For Cats:

• Scratching Posts: Providing scratching posts or trees can help cats satisfy their natural urge to scratch while also providing exercise.
• Laser Pointers: Many cats love to chase laser pointers. This can provide mental and physical stimulation as they try to catch the moving light.
• Interactive Toys: Toys that allow cats to hunt, such as wand toys or toys with hidden treats, can provide mental stimulation and exercise.
• Window Perches: Setting up a window perch where your cat can watch birds or other animals can provide mental stimulation.
• Catnip: For cats that enjoy catnip, providing a catnip-filled toy can provide both mental and physical stimulation.

 
Mental Stimulation
Pets also need mental stimulation to stay healthy. Interactive toys, puzzles, and games can help keep your pet’s mind sharp. You can also try teaching your pet new tricks or commands, which will not only provide mental stimulation but also help strengthen your bond with your furry friend.
Socialization
Pets are social animals and need interaction with other animals and people. Socialization can help prevent behavioral problems such as anxiety and aggression. Taking your pet to the dog park or arranging playdates with other pets can help provide socialization opportunities.
Regular Check-Ups
Regular check-ups with the veterinarian can help identify any potential health issues early on. This is especially important for older pets, as they are more prone to health problems. Regular check-ups can also help ensure that your pet is up to date on vaccinations and preventative care. Pets are considered a senior at seven years of age.  We advise proactive medical care and would like to see your senior pet twice a year.
Balanced Diet
A balanced diet is essential for your pet’s physical and mental well-being. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the right type and amount of food for your pet. Avoid giving your pet human food, as it can cause digestive issues and lead to obesity.
​
Remember to always supervise your pets during any activities and consult with Green Valley Veterinary Hospital before starting any new exercise routines or diets. By providing opportunities for physical and mental stimulation, you can help ensure that your furry friends live long, healthy, and happy lives.

​You can picture it: Christmas morning. Your kids or significant other are gathered by the tree. You hand them one last box. They open it to find a new puppy or kitten. They cry happy tears. It’s a moment you will remember fondly together for years to come.

So, is Christmas the best time to add a pet to your family? This happy holiday moment can happen.  But there are a few things to keep in mind to help ensure this holiday present is a success for everyone.
 
If it is your own children, a surprise is fine, but not for other family members or friends.  For instance, does the person even want a pet? Do you know their lifestyle well enough to choose a pet that is a good fit for them?
Going to the shelter with the recipient and offering to take care of the adoption fee. Together with the shelter staff, you can find an animal with the energy level, size, personality, and training or medical needs that is the right fit for your friend or loved one.
While it is easy to get caught up in the cuteness of a new kitten or the thought of your kids’ reaction to a new puppy, it is also important to remember this is a lifetime commitment. It is a wonderful, enriching commitment, but be sure it is one you are ready to make.
A pet supplies bundle would be a great gift idea instead of surprising someone with a new puppy or kitten. Tell them, “Here is everything you need for when you get your new furry companion. Now let’s go pick one out!”
 

​Ideas for pets at Christmas include giving them new toys, treats, and cozy items like beds or sweaters, as well as creating new experiences like holiday photos, festive walks, or even a special holiday meal. You can also include them in decorating by using pet-safe ornaments or creating a special pet-friendly area. 
Gift ideas

• Toys: Get interactive toys that dispense treats or puzzle toys to provide mental stimulation.
• Treats: Prepare homemade, pet-safe holiday treats or buy special store-bought ones.
• Clothing: Consider a new sweater for warmth or a festive collar with a bow.
• Comfort items: A new, cozy bed or a warm blanket can make a great gift. 

Experience ideas

• Holiday photo session: Take holiday photos, either professionally or at home, and create a family card.
• Winter walk: Take a walk to look at Christmas lights, keeping safety in mind.
• Special meal: Prepare a special holiday meal for your pet with safe ingredients, like plain turkey or green beans.
• "Spa day": Take your pet to the groomer for a special pampering session. 

Decorating and safety

• Pet-safe decorations: Opt for shatterproof ornaments and avoid tinsel, which can be dangerous if swallowed.
• Pet-friendly decor: Place decorations at an accessible height and ensure any holiday lights or garlands are out of reach.
• Create a safe space: Set up a quiet, cozy retreat where your pet can go if they feel overwhelmed by the festivities. 

Pets will eat — and enjoy — a number of foods, but just because they'll eat it doesn't mean it's good for them.
 Pets explore the world through their mouths, and they can end up chewing on some crazy things. So, which types of human foods are OK for pets? Which foods should they steer clear of and always reach out to your veterinarian if you think your pet may have ingested something dangerous.
Safe options for pets

• Plain turkey: Offer a small piece of white meat that is fully cooked and has no skin, bones, or seasoning.
• Plain cooked vegetables: Plain green beans, carrots, and sweet potatoes are safe options if they are cooked without butter, salt, or spices.
• Plain mashed potatoes: A small portion of plain mashed potatoes is acceptable if it's made without butter, milk, garlic, or salt.
• Plain pumpkin puree: A spoonful of 100% pure pumpkin puree can help with digestion, but do not give them pumpkin pie filling, which contains sugar and spices.
• Plain cooked corn: Off the cob, corn kernels are a safe treat.
• Plain apples: Small slices of apple without the seeds are a safe, crunchy treat.
• Plain cranberry sauce: A very small amount of plain cranberry sauce with no added sugar is safe, but many versions contain too much sugar. 

Dangerous foods to avoid

• Turkey bones: Cooked bones can splinter and cause choking or internal injuries.
• Gravy: It is often high in fat and can contain onions and garlic, which are toxic to pets.
• Onions, garlic, and chives: These are toxic to both cats and dogs and can be found in stuffing, mashed potatoes, and other dishes.
• Sweets: Many desserts contain chocolate or artificial sweeteners like xylitol, which are toxic to pets.
• Fatty and salty foods: These can lead to stomach upset or more serious conditions like pancreatitis. 

 
Fruits & Veggies Grapes & Raisins
NEVER for dogs and cats
Grapes and raisins have been associated with kidney failure in both dogs & cats.
 
Bananas
OCCASIONALLY for dogs and cats
Bananas offer potassium, vitamin C, vitamin B6, manganese, biotin, and copper. Bananas are also high in sugar, so use them more as a treat than a meal — and make sure to remove the peel.
 
Apples
YES for dogs
High in fiber and protein, this fruit is a great source of vitamins A and C. Do not feed your dog the core or seeds, both of which contain cyanide. It is also recommended to avoid allowing dogs to ingest the stem or leaves.

YES for cats
Apples are safe for cats so long as the stems, leaves, and especially seeds are removed from the apple.
 
Blueberries
YES for dogs
With strong antioxidant properties, blueberries especially are considered a superfood for humans and dogs alike.

YES for cats
While cats can’t detect sweet flavors, they can appreciate the wet, juicy texture.
 
 Melons
YES for dogs and cats
Pets can eat a little cantaloupe and watermelon now and again, but make sure you remove any seeds and avoid feeding any part of the rind, which may result in a foreign body obstruction.
 
Citrus fruits
NEVER for dogs and cats
Ingesting citrus fruits can cause pets to experience gastrointestinal discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea. 
 
Cherries
Not advised
Cherry pits contain cyanide, which is toxic to pets. The fruit of a cherry is considered safe. Wild cherries are more of a concern, so best to avoid wild cherries altogether.
 
Avocados
RARELY for dogs and cats
Avocados contain persin, which may cause mild stomach upset in dogs. Pancreatitis is also a concern due to the high fat content.
 
 Onions & Garlic
NEVER for dogs and cats
Both can cause anemia, and serious damage to the red blood cells.
 
Strawberries
YES for dogs
Strawberries are rich in fiber and vitamin C. They also have an enzyme that can help whiten your dog’s teeth

YES for cats
It’s unlikely your cat will want one, but in small amounts, strawberries can be an excellent source of vitamin C, folate, potassium, and manganese.
 
Carrots
YES for dogs
Carrots are an excellent low-calorie snack and a common ingredient in dog food that is high in fiber and beta-carotene.

OCCASIONALLY for cats
Vegetables like carrots are safe to eat and high in vitamins, but not a natural part of your cat’s natural carnivorous diet.
 
Tomatoes
MAYBE for dogs and cats
A red, ripe tomato is safe for your pet to eat, but the green parts of a tomato (including the stem and leaves) can contain dangerous toxins.
 
 Broccoli
RARELY for dogs
While high in vitamins and fiber, too much broccoli can lead to possible stomach issues for your dog.

YES for cats
If your cat shows interest, broccoli is a great source of antioxidants and fiber. Offer it in small bites.

Developed in partnership with Pet Poison Helpline
 
If for some reason you cannot reach a veterinary professional, you can call the ASPCA 24/7 Poison Control Hotline at 888-426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at 855-764-7661. There are fees for the services, but it's well worth it. Some poisons are more dangerous than others.

#1: Pets increase our fitness 
We all know that daily exercise improves our health, and people with pets are generally more active than those without. Exercising with your dog for at least 30 minutes a day keeps them fit and at a healthy weight—and the same goes for you. Rolling around on the floor with your cat and their favorite toy or tossing a ball in the backyard with your dog strengthens your bond, raises your heart rate, and burns calories.
#2: Pets help us connect with others
When you work from home, you may sometimes feel isolated. Fortunately, pets often give us a reason to get out of the house—whether we feel motivated to or not. Taking your pet to public places like the park or a local café provides a built-in conversation starter, since few people can resist stopping to say hello to a cute dog. Pet ownership also helps you meet others who share your love for animals.
#3: Pets provide emotional and mental support 
After a hard day, few things feel better than coming home to a pet who greets you like you’ve been gone for years. Pets help us regulate our emotions through their calm, loving presence. Hugging a dog, stroking a cat’s soft fur, or feeling their warmth can be instantly soothing. Pets are also the best listeners—they never judge or share your secrets. Truly, they’re the most loyal friends we could ask for.
Pets as service dogs provide invaluable benefits to veterans living with PTSD, helping to reduce symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and nightmares while promoting social connection, resilience, and overall life satisfaction.  Demonstrating how the unconditional bond and steady presence of an animal can foster healing and significantly enhance mental well-being—offering comfort, purpose, and hope in daily life.
#4: Pets give us purpose
Pets thrive on routine and rely on us to meet their needs, giving our days structure and meaning. Making sure your pet is cared for provides a reason to get up and get moving, even when you’re not feeling your best. That daily rhythm keeps both you and your pet feeling secure and grounded.
#5: Pets improve our heart health
Research shows that pet ownership is linked to better heart health. In addition to the benefits of regular exercise, studies reveal that pet owners tend to have lower resting heart rates and blood pressure, and experience smaller increases in both during stressful times.
#6: Pets support children’s development
Growing up with a pet teaches kids responsibility, compassion, and empathy. Feeding the dog or cleaning the cat’s litter box builds pride and a sense of accomplishment. Pets also help children understand complex emotions, including loss. Plus, kids who grow up around cats and dogs often have lower rates of allergies and asthma.
#7: Pets keep loneliness at bay
Many people become pet parents for companionship—especially older adults who live alone. The affection of a cat or dog helps reduce feelings of loneliness, and simply petting them fulfills our human need for touch and connection.
#8: Pets provide entertainment
Pets make life more joyful—and often hilarious. Whether it’s a puppy running sideways to get from point A to B, a kitten jumping in the air when startled, a cat chasing a laser light up the wall or a dog with the zoomies their antics bring laughter and lightness to our days. And laughter, after all, is great medicine.
#9: Pets give us a sense of security
A pet’s presence can make you feel safer at home. Even the friendliest dog will alert you to someone at the door or unusual noises, offering reassurance and peace of mind. Many people also feel more comfortable walking outdoors when they have their pet by their side.
#10: Pets make us better people
Through their unconditional love, innocence, and loyalty, pets inspire us to be more patient, kind, and mindful. No matter what’s happening in the world, our pets remind us to slow down, appreciate the present, and cherish every moment with those we love.

Make Every Moment Count
There’s no denying the many ways pets enrich our lives. To thank them, keep them healthy with regular veterinary care and plenty of opportunities to play and socialize. Sadly, our pets don’t stay with us for our entire lives—but we have the privilege of being their whole world. Let us help you give them the best quality of life so you can treasure every moment.

 In loving memory of Gunner...What a beautiful difference one single life made. 

​

Autumn brings cool air, blowing leaves, apple cider and, of course, Halloween and plenty of tricks and treats.  Most people know that the candy that we give out every year to trick-or-treaters should be kept away from pets, but how much do you really know about the problems that chocolate can cause?  

As everyone who has one knows, dogs are famous for eating things they shouldn't.  Most love food and their keen sense of smell allows them to find even the smallest amounts of food that are hidden away.  These traits can prove dangerous however when there is chocolate within Fido's reach.  

Summer always seems to fly by in the blink of an eye. And with Labor Day quickly approaching, it’s hard to ignore that school will start again before we know it. It’s understandable that after two months of constant play and exercise with the kids, pets may feel lonely and abandoned once the house gets quiet.
Understandably, pets may experience stress and behavioral issues during this transition. Some dogs may feel bored and find destructive ways to entertain themselves, while others may become depressed or suffer from separation anxiety.
Here are some things we can do to help with stress and behavioral problems in pets after kids return to school:
1. Avoid sudden changes in their daily routine. Slowly start a new routine 1 to 2 weeks before school starts. Begin by introducing your dog to short periods of separation and begin increasing the time that you are away.
2. Make departures happy with toys and treats. The idea is to transform a potentially sad event into a happier, less stressful one. Kong toys filled with frozen peanut butter or filled with food can distract a dog for 15 to 30 minutes after you depart.
3. Create a place where your pet can feel safe and secure. This could be a den-like environment or an enclosed open crate in a quiet area of the house.
4. Avoid indulging anxious or nervous behavior with baby talk or sympathy. This only encourages or reinforces that behavior.
5. Make additional time for play or walks one to two weeks before school starts. Consider adding an additional walk at night and or going for a walk in the morning before leaving. Brushing your dog or practicing tricks before you leave is another way of engaging them for a short period of time before the day begins.
6. Cats tend to be more self-sufficient than dogs and can have less depression and anxiety when school begins and schedules change. Still, many cats enjoy an additional brushing or extra play sessions.
7. Punishing or scolding anxious or distractive behavior will only make it worse. If your pet is having difficulty, consult with your veterinarian about other available options.

The phrase "Dog Days of Summer" refers to the hottest, most humid period of the summer. 
The term comes from the ancient Greeks and Romans, who associated the hottest days of the year with the rising of Sirius, the "Dog Star". Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, and during late July, it rises and sets with the sun. The ancients believed this celestial alignment contributed to the extreme heat.
​
Today, it's more commonly used to describe long, lazy, sweltering summer days.  A time when things tend to slow down due to the oppressive heat. 

Keeping pets safe in hot weather is crucial, as they are highly susceptible to heatstroke and dehydration. Here are some practical tips to help protect your pets from the heat:
​
1. Keep Them Indoors During Peak Heat

• Limit outdoor activity during the hottest parts of the day (usually 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
• Walk dogs early in the morning or after sunset.

2. Provide Plenty of Fresh Water

• Ensure water bowls are full and clean.
• Add ice cubes to their water for extra cooling.

3. Avoid Hot Surfaces

• Pavement, asphalt, and sand can burn paws. Test it with your hand—if it’s too hot for you, it’s too hot for them.

4. Never Leave Pets in a Parked Car

• Temperatures can rise dangerously in minutes—even with windows cracked.

5. Provide Shade and Ventilation

• If they must be outside, ensure they have access to shaded, well-ventilated areas.

6. Grooming Help

• Regular brushing removes excess fur, but shaving can remove natural sun protection, especially in double-coated breeds.

7. Don't forget about your feline family

• Why Cats Need Protection from Heat:
• Limited Sweat Glands:
  Unlike humans, cats don't sweat effectively to cool down, relying mainly on panting and evaporation of saliva from grooming. 
• Higher Body Temperature:
  Cats naturally have a higher body temperature than humans, making them more vulnerable to overheating in hot conditions. 
• Risk of Heatstroke:
  Heatstroke in cats is a serious condition that can be fatal. 

8. Watch for Signs of Overheating

• Symptoms include excessive panting, drooling, lethargy, vomiting, and collapse. Seek veterinary care immediately if these occur.

What is Leptospirosis and why is it important to vaccinate my dog?
Leptospirosis is a disease caused by infection with Leptospira bacteria. These bacteria can be found in soil and water. There are many strains of Leptospira bacteria that can cause disease, and many mammals are susceptible—including dogs, people, livestock, and certain wildlife. Although cats also may become ill, this happens only rarely.
All dogs are at risk of leptospirosis, regardless of age, breed, lifestyle, geographic location, time of year, and other factors. The following situations can increase that risk:

• Exposure to or drinking from slow-moving or stagnant water sources, like ponds, rivers, lakes, or streams
• Roaming on rural properties (because of exposure to potentially infected wildlife or farm animals or urine-contaminated water sources)
• Exposure to wild animals (especially rodents) or farm animals, even if in the backyard
• Contact with other dogs (such as in urban areas, dog parks, or boarding or training facilities)

What are the signs of leptospirosis in dogs?
The signs of leptospirosis in dogs vary.  Some infected dogs have no signs of illness; some have a mild and transient illness and recover on their own; and others develop severe, life-threatening illness.
For dogs that do become ill, the signs tend to be non-specific. These are the most common signs:

• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Lethargy
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes)
• Dehydration
• Drinking or urinating more than usual
• Weight loss
• Stiffness or muscle pain

The disease can progress to kidney and/or liver failure. Some dogs may develop severe lung disease and rapid, difficulty breathing. Damage to the heart muscle has been suspected in some cases.
How is leptospirosis spread?
Dogs typically become infected when their mucous membranes (as in the mouth, nose, or eyes) or skin wounds (like cuts or scrapes) are exposed to urine or urine-contaminated water or soil. Infection can also be spread through urine-contaminated food or bedding, or the tissues or carcasses of infected animals.
How is leptospirosis diagnosed and treated in dogs?
Because leptospirosis can look like other diseases, your veterinarian will need your help to make a diagnosis. This includes sharing information about your dog's lifestyle and travel history, which can help highlight possible exposure to Leptospira bacteria. In addition to a complete physical exam, your veterinarian may recommend certain blood tests, urine tests, X-rays, and an ultrasound exam. The choice of recommended tests is usually based on the nature and severity of the illness.
Leptospirosis is generally treated with antibiotics and supportive care. Depending on how sick an affected dog is, they may require fluid therapy, certain medications, and nutritional support. When leptospirosis is treated early, the chance of recovery is good. However, there is still a risk of permanent residual kidney or liver damage.
How can I protect my dog against leptospirosis?
Fortunately, vaccines are available to protect dogs from this potentially life-threatening disease. Because of the risk and severity of leptospirosis, experts recommend that all dogs be vaccinated. This can help protect people from infection, too. An initial series of two vaccinations spaced 4 weeks apart is typically recommended, followed by annual boosters. This series can be started at 12 weeks of age or later. Contrary to some beliefs, leptospirosis vaccines are no more likely to cause side effects than are other common vaccines.
Reducing your dog's exposure to possible sources of Leptospira bacteria can reduce the chance of infection:

• Avoid letting your dog drink from or swim in rivers, lakes, ponds, marshy areas, or slow-moving or stagnant water.
• Keep your dog away from farm animals and wild rodents, including carcasses.

​How do I know when to say good-bye?
Discussing a pet’s quality of life can be emotionally difficult but is crucial for making informed and compassionate decisions about their care.  Our professional team can offer advice and friends and family can offer support, but no one can make the decision for you. 
When facing a difficult decision about euthanasia, try to make the best decision for your pet first.  That is a decision you will feel better about for the rest of your life.  There are several criteria used in evaluating quality of life which you should consider carefully.
 

The HHHHHMM scale is one often used by veterinarians to help assess a pet’s quality of life:

• Hurt-Is your pet in pain? Are we breathing normally? Whining, panting or aggression?
• Hunger- Is our pet interested in eating or eating enough? Decreased appetite or refusal to eat.
• Hydration-Is your pet drinking enough?
• Hygiene-Can your pet stay clean and groom itself? There are no pressure wounds present.
• Happiness-Is your pet happy, engaged with family members and other housemates?
• Mobility-Can your pet move without distress or assistance? Do we want to go for a walk?
• More good days than bad- Are the good days outweighing the bad? When the bad days outnumber good days, quality of life might be compromised. 

When a healthy human-animal bond is no longer possible, it may indicate the end is near.  Choosing to end a pet’s suffering is a final act of love and nothing less.  Knowing that your decisions are guided by that love is what helps us all through the sad and lonely time of losing a cherished animal companion. 
With decades of personal experience, we know it is a decision that never gets any easier. When you have made the decision to choose euthanasia, you can rest comfortably that your pet will be treated with kindness and respect.  This is the last supportive act you can perform for a pet with whom you have shared a close bond.  One that all of us has had to experience here at Green Valley Veterinary Hospital.  Let us help you say good-bye. 
 

You feel a lump on your pet.  Now… what should you do?

One of the most common reasons owners bring a pet to see a veterinarian is to ask about “lumps” or “growths” – veterinarians call them masses – that can occur under the skin or on top of the skin. Masses can occur anywhere in the body but are most easily visible on the skin.
 
Maintaining the health of your pet’s skin and coat is vital to acknowledging certain skin conditions such as lumps and bumps. Lumps shouldn't be ignored. Whether your pet has developed a new lump suddenly, or you have noticed lumps that have changed, it's always better to be safe than sorry.   The earlier a lump or bump is diagnosed, the more successful the treatment will likely be.
 
Unfortunately, most of the time, veterinarians cannot tell what the mass is without performing some tests.  Some masses are tumors and can be cancerous.   Most people are terrified when a veterinarian says the word cancer, but not all types of tumors are dangerous.
 
When a mass first appears, you should have it checked by the veterinarian. Oftentimes, there will be two options. A veterinarian can advise a surgical biopsy (best option) where the entire tumor is removed surgically and sent to a board-certified veterinary pathologist for review. Nearly 100% of the time, the pathologist can describe the tumor and its likely behavior (will it cause life-threatening disease, recur or no problem).
 
Another test is called the fine needle aspirate (FNA), where the veterinarian extracts cells from the mass with a needle to get a small sample. This sample is placed on a glass slide and sent to the pathologist. FNA produces a good result about 50% of the time, but sometimes the sample is not able to be reviewed well by the pathologist and a biopsy may still be necessary.
 
Now…what do you look for when you find the lump?
Location: Where on the body is the lump located?
Size and shape: Is it small or large, round or irregular?
Texture: Is it soft, firm, or hard to the touch?
Mobility: Can you easily move the lump under the skin, or is it fixed in place?
Color: Is the skin over the lump discolored, irritated or has no hair growth?
 
If your dog or cat doesn’t have any lumps or bumps, you should check them on a regular basis so you’ll notice any changes that occur. Run your fingers through their coat and if you feel a lump or bump, call to schedule an examination. 

​Are knee injuries in dogs as common as sports’ athletes?
​
The short answer is yes. The anatomy of the knee in humans and dogs is very similar. One of the most common sports-related injuries in human athletes is an ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear. In dogs, the same ligament is called the CCL (cranial cruciate ligament) and injury to it can cause significant lameness in your dog.
​
If you notice your dog becomes suddenly lame on a leg, it is best to have the leg examined by one of our veterinarians. If the lameness is in a hind leg, the most common site of the problem is the knee or CCL. Diagnosing a torn CCL can be difficult. Some dogs show severe signs of pain while others show only minor signs. The CCL can be partially torn or completely torn. Normally, an exam under sedation and/or radiographs (X-rays) is necessary to confirm a torn CCL. We often advise bloodwork as well, because dogs with CCL injuries require pain medications to increase their comfort.

Most CCL tears require surgery to correct the problem. We recommend this surgery be performed by a board-certified veterinary orthopedic surgeon. There are a number of types of surgeries to repair the CCL and referral surgeons are most up-to-date on the latest techniques. Most dogs return to normal or near-normal function following surgery, but significant care and rehabilitation is necessary at home to ensure a successful recovery. Unfortunately, about 50% of dogs that tear one CCL tear the other CCL in about 6-12 months. 
​
The most critical component of recovery following surgery is rest and rehabilitation. At Green Valley, we offer laser therapy which has been shown to help surgical incisions and joints heal faster and increase mobility following orthopedic procedures. If we diagnose a CCL and need to refer you for surgery, we will be sure to speak with you about laser therapy and the different packages available to get your pet off the sideline and back in the game.

​

In part one of this blog on vaccination, we discussed some general information and answered some frequently asked questions regarding vaccinations. In part II we will discuss the current recommendations for canine vaccinations and what diseases they are protecting against.

Core vaccinations are considered vital for all dogs due to how common the disease is, the risk of exposure, the severity, or the potential risk to people. These include the DHPP (we will discuss what this means below) and the rabies vaccinations. There are also several other “non-core” vaccinations as well. These are vaccines that protect again diseases that may be less common in different areas of the country, or may be less of a concern depending on the life style of the pet. These include Leptospirosis, Lyme Disease, Bordetella and Canine Influenza. It is important to note that these diseases do not necessarily cause less severe disease.

So what exactly are these diseases and how do they affect our pets?